剑桥高阶英汉双解词典 - fundamental collapse

fundamental
[UK]/ˌfʌn.də'men.təl/ [US]/-tˌəl/
adjective
A
* forming the base, from which everything else develops; more important than anything else
基础的；基本的；主要的

1. We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment.
我们需要从根本上改变对待环境的态度。

2. It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
这是男女之间的基本差别之一。

3. The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential.
这所学校的基本原则是充分发挥每个孩子的最大潜力。

4. Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies.
多样性对所有的生态系统和经济结构都极为重要。

5. Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.
掌握一些文法对学习一种语言来说很重要。

柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典 - fundamental collapse

fundamental ★★★☆☆
1.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词基本的;根本的;主要的;基础的 You use fundamental to describe things, activities, and principles that are very important or essential. They affect the basic nature of other things or are the most important element upon which other things depend.

【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n

  • Our constitution embodies all the fundamental principles of democracy...

    我们的宪法体现了民主的所有基本原则。

  • A fundamental human right is being withheld from these people...

    这些人被剥夺了一项最基本的人权。

  • Technical skill is a fundamental basis for most, if not all, great art.

    技巧即使不是所有伟大艺术、也是其中大多数的根本基础。

2.ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词根本性的;固有的;根深蒂固的 You use fundamental to describe something which exists at a deep and basic level, and is therefore likely to continue.

【搭配模式】：usu ADJ n

  • But on this question, the two leaders have very fundamental differences...

    但在这个问题上，两位领导人有着根本性的分歧。

  • Amnesty says there are fundamental flaws in their military justice system.

    国际特赦组织称他们的军事司法体系存在着根本性的缺陷。

3.ADJ 形容词必需的;不可或缺的 If one thing is fundamental to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the second thing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without it.

【搭配模式】：v-link ADJ to n

  • He believes better relations with China are fundamental to the well-being of the area...

    他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系对这一地区的繁荣发展至关重要。

  • The method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells.

    他们首创的方法在神经细胞活动的研究中一直是不可或缺的。

4.ADJ 形容词最根本的;最重要的 You can use fundamental to show that you are referring to what you consider to be the most important aspect of a situation, and that you are not concerned with less important details.

【搭配模式】：ADJ n

  • The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention...

    最根本的问题在于他们无法分清现实和虚构。

  • It was not simply a practical matter, but a fundamental question of principle.

    那不仅仅是个实际问题，更是一个根本性的原则问题。

5.ADJ 形容词(研究)基础性的 Fundamental research into a subject is concerned with gaining knowledge about the subject itself, rather than its practical aspects.

【搭配模式】：ADJ n

  • Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research.

    行业领袖希望科学家从事基础性研究，而非应用性研究。

牛津高阶英汉双解 第7版 - fundamental collapse

☞ fundamental
fun·da·men·tal / 7fQndE5mentl / adjective1. serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of sth
   十分重大的；根本的
   SYN  basic :
   There is a fundamental difference between the ten points of view.
   这两个观点有根本区别。
   A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
   公共医疗在组织上需要有一个根本性的变革。
   a question of fundamental importance
   首要问题
2. ~ (to sth) central; forming the necessary basis of sth
   基础的；基本的
   SYN  essential :
   Hard work is fundamental to success.
   勤奋工作是成功的基础。
3. [only before noun] (physics 物) forming the source or base from which everything else is made; not able to be divided any further
   基本的；不能再分的:
   a fundamental particle
   基本粒子 noun [usually pl.]
   a basic rule or principle; an essential part
   基本规律；根本法则；基本原理；基础:
   the fundamentals of modern physics
   现代物理学的基本原理
   He taught me the fundamentals of the job.
   他教给了我这工作的基本知识。

牛津搭配语词典 第2版 - fundamental collapse

fundamental adj.

• VERBS be, seem | remain | consider sth, regard sth as We consider these rights ~ to democracy.

• ADVERB really, truly, very I think they made a very ~ mistake. | absolutely, quite (esp. BrE) This principle is absolutely ~. | fairly (esp. BrE), rather (esp. AmE)

• PREPOSITION to Improved funding is ~ to the success of the project. | for Low interest rates are ~ for growth.

Fundamental is used with these nouns: aim, alteration, aspect, assumption, belief, breach, cause, challenge, change, character, characteristic, component, concept, conflict, contradiction, conviction, criticism, defect, departure, difference, dilemma, disagreement, distinction, division, element, error, failure, feature, flaw, freedom, importance, inadequacy, incompatibility, ingredient, insight, issue, liberty, limitation, message, misconception, mistake, misunderstanding, nature, necessity, need, objection, paradox, part, physics, prerequisite, principle, problem, proposition, question, reappraisal, reform, reorganization, requirement, responsibility, rethink, review, revision, right, role, rule, shift, shortcoming, similarity, task, teaching, tension, thesis, transformation, truth, uncertainty, understanding, unit, unity, weakness

牛津英语同义词学习词典 - fundamental collapse

fundamental

adjective

fundamental ♦︎ underlying ♦︎ radical ♦︎ basic ♦︎ essential ♦︎ elementary ♦︎ ultimate ♦︎ rudimentaryThese words all describe things such as problems and ideas that concern the most basic and important parts of sth. 这些词均表示根本的、基本的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆fundamental / basic to sth◆a fundamental / an underlying / a radical / a basic / an essential difference / distinction◆a fundamental / an underlying / a radical / a basic change / improvement◆a fundamental / radical / basic approach◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / an elementary rule / principle◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / the ultimate truth◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential / the ultimate cause / reason◆a fundamental / an underlying / a basic / an essential assumption / aim / problem / cause / reason / need / weakness◆a fundamental / a basic / an elementary / a rudimentary skill / understanding / knowledge / level◆a fundamental / a basic / an elementary error / mistake■ fundamental ˌfʌndəˈmentl (rather formal, especially written) serious and very important; concerning the most central and important parts of sth; forming the necessary basis of sth 十分重大的；根本的；基本的◆There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.这两个观点有根本区别。◆A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.公共医疗在组织架构上需要有一个根本性的变革。◆Hard work is fundamental to success.勤奋工作是成功的基础。  see also fundamentals ⇨ basics ▸ fundamentally

adverb

◆The two approaches are fundamentally different.这两种处理方法完全不同。◆By the 1960s the situation had changed fundamentally.到20世纪60年代形势已发生了根本的变化。■ underlying ˌʌndəˈlaɪɪŋ; NAmE ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ [only before noun] (rather formal, especially written) important in a situation but not always easily noticed or stated clearly 根本的；潜在的；隐含的◆The underlying assumption is that the amount of money available is limited.隐含的假定是，可用的资金有限。◆Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.失业可能是犯罪率攀升的潜在原因。ⓘ Typical collocates of underlying include cause, assumption, reason, motive, trend, theme, problem, reality and aim. * underlying的常见搭配词有cause、assumption、reason、motive、trend、theme、problem、reality和aim。■ radical ˈrædɪkl [usually before noun] (rather formal, especially written) (of changes or differences) concerning the most central and important parts of sth; thorough and complete （变革或差异）根本的，彻底的；完全的◆There have been demands for radical reform of the law.一直就有对法律进行彻底变革的要求。◆This document marks a radical departure from earlier recommendations.这份文件标志着对先前建议的完全背离。  see also radical ⇨ radical adj. ▸ radically

adverb

◆The new methods are radically different from the old.新方法迥然异于老方法。◆Attitudes have changed radically.态度发生了根本的转变。NOTE 辨析 Fundamental or radical?A fundamental change or difference is one that involves the whole structure of a system or the principles on which sth is based. A radical change is an important change which has wide-ranging effects. * fundamental指变革或差异涉及一项制度的整体结构或事物的基本原则，radical指变革重大且影响广泛。■ basic concerning the most central and important parts of sth from which other things develop 基本的；基础的◆They haven't even given us the most basic information we need.连我们所需要的最基本的信息他们都还未提供。◆During the first term, we will concentrate on the basic principles of law.第一学期我们将着重讲授法律的基本原则。◆Drums are basic to African music.鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。ⓘ Basic can also be used before a noun to mean 'necessary and important to all people'. * basic用在名词前亦可表示“必需的、基本需要的”◆Aren't food and shelter basic human rights?享有食物和住所难道不是基本人权吗？◆The report sets out the cost of basic foods in several European countries.报告陈述了几个欧洲国家基本食物的费用。   see also basics ⇨ basics ▸ basically

adverb

◆Yes, that's basically correct.对，基本正确。◆There have been some problems but basically it's a good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但从根本上说这仍不失为一个好系统。■ essential [only before noun] connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of sb/sth 本质的；基本的；根本的◆The essential difference between Sara and me is our attitude to money.我与萨拉的根本区别在于我们对金钱的态度。◆The essential character of the town has been destroyed by the new road.这个城镇的主要特色被这条新马路毁了。   see also essence ⇨ nature 1 , essentials ⇨ basics ▸ essentially

adverb

◆There are three essentially different ways of tackling the problem.解决这个问题有三种完全不同的方法。◆The pattern is essentially the same in all cases.这种模式在所有情况下基本相同。NOTE 辨析 Basic or essential? Basic looks at things from a practical point of view, concentrating on what is important in order to do or understand sth. Essential looks at things from a more philosophical point of view, considering the very nature of things and what makes them different from or similar to other things. * basic指从实际的角度看问题，强调在操作或理解上的重点。essential更多从哲学的角度看问题，强调事物的本质及其异于或相似于他者的特征。■ elementary ˌelɪˈmentri (rather formal) concerning the most central and important matters or ideas 基本的；根本性的◆How could you make such an elementary mistake?你怎么能犯这种根本性错误？◆It's an elementary law of economics: the scarcer the commodity, the higher the price.这是经济学的基本法则：商品越稀缺，价格越高。ⓘ When it is used to talk about education or learning, elementary usually describes a level or a stage in learning a subject. * elementary修饰教育或学习时意思是初级的、基础的◆I'm taking classes in elementary Italian.我在上意大利语基础课程。 ■ ultimate [only before noun] from which sth originally comes 根本的；基本的；根源的◆the ultimate truths of philosophy and science哲学和科学的终极原理◆We could not trace the ultimate source of the rumours.我们不可能查出这些谣言的最初源头。▸ ultimately

adverb

◆All life depends ultimately on oxygen.一切生命归根到底都要依赖氧气。■ rudimentary ˌruːdɪˈmentri (formal) concerning only the most basic matters or ideas 基础的；基本的◆His understanding of the language is very rudimentary.他对这门语言仅有初步的认识。◆They were given only rudimentary training in the job.他们仅仅受过基本的职业训练。ⓘ Rudimentary most often describes knowledge, understanding, skill or training. * rudimentary最常描述knowledge、understanding、skill或training。

新牛津英语同义词词典 - fundamental collapse

fundamental

adjective
a fundamental political principle
BASIC , foundational, rudimentary, elemental, elementary, underlying, basal, radical, root; primary, cardinal, initial, original, prime, first, primitive, primordial; principal, chief, capital, key, central; structural, organic, constitutional, inherent, intrinsic, ingrained; vital, essential, important, indispensable, necessary, crucial, pivotal, critical.
See AWKWARD SYNONYMS at basic.
-opposite(s): SECONDARY, UNIMPORTANT.

词源记忆 - fundamental collapse

fundamental 基础的，根本的
来自fund, 底部，基础。