maintain
/meɪn'teɪn/
verb [T]
CONTINUE TO HAVE 继续有
E
* to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become less
维持；保持

1. The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
军队已调配到这个地区来维持秩序。

2. We have standards to maintain.
我们要坚持原则。

3. Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.
尽管住在不同的国家，两个家庭仍保持着紧密联系。

4. The film has maintained its position as the critics' favourite for another year.
这部电影再度获评论家评为年度最佳影片。

/meɪn'teɪn/
verb [T]
KEEP IN GOOD CONDITION 保养
A
* to keep a road, machine, building, etc. in good condition
维修；保养

1. A large house costs a lot to maintain.
保养一座大房子花费很高。

2. The roads around the town have been very poorly maintained.
城镇四周的道路保养得很差。

/meɪn'teɪn/
verb [T]
EXPRESS 表达
A
* to express firmly your belief that something is true
坚称；断言

1. Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always maintained his innocence.
邓恩在监狱服刑期间一直坚称自己是无辜的。

2. [+ that] He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.
他坚称以前从未见过那位妇女。

/meɪn'teɪn/
verb [T]
PROVIDE 提供
* to provide someone with food and whatever is necessary for them to live on
供养；抚养；赡养

1. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children.
他们赚的钱只够勉强养活自己和四个孩子。

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maintain ★★★★☆

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☞ maintain
main·tain / mein5tein / verb1. [VN] to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.
   维持；保持
   SYN  preserve :
   to maintain law and order / standards / a balance
   维持治安；保持水平/平衡
   The two countries have always maintained close relations.
   这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。
  (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.
   她一言不发,面容威严。
   to maintain prices (= prevent them falling or rising)
   维持价格的稳定
2. [VN] to keep a building, a machine, etc. in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
   维修；保养:
   The house is large and difficult to maintain.
   房子很大,难以养护。
3. to keep stating that sth is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it
   坚持意见；固执己见
   SYN  insist :
  ▪ [V (that)]
   The men maintained (that) they were out of the country when the crime was committed.
   这几个男人坚持说案发时他们在国外。
  ▪ [VN]
   She has always maintained her innocence.
   她一直坚持说她是无辜的。
  ▪ [also V speech]
4. [VN] to support sb / sth over a long period of time by giving money, paying for food, etc.
   供养；扶养
   SYN  keep :
   Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let alone three.
   她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够,更不用说三个了。

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maintain verb

1. keep sth at the same level

• VERB + MAINTAIN be anxious to, want to We are anxious to ~ our close links with the police. | have to, need to | strive to, try to | help (to) | be able to | be difficult to The government's position became increasingly difficult to ~.

• ADVERB indefinitely This pace cannot be ~ed indefinitely. | simultaneously They are looking to cut costs while simultaneously ~ing the existing levels of service. | successfully He successfully ~ed the financial health of the company. | easily The company has easily ~ed its position as the leading brand in the money-transfer business. | generally, largely, normally, typically, usually Commercial aircraft generally ~ cabin altitudes between 6 000 and 8 000 feet. | actively

• PHRASES the duty to ~ sth, the need to ~ sth He emphasized the need to ~ the status quo.

2. keep sth in good condition

• ADVERB carefully, properly, well | poorly a poorly ~ed central heating system

• VERB + MAINTAIN be difficult to | be easy to

• PHRASES be responsible for ~ing sth

Maintain is used with these nouns as the subject: pressure
Maintain is used with these nouns as the object: alignment, alliance, altitude, anonymity, appearance, archive, army, association, atmosphere, attitude, autonomy, balance, base, blacklist, blockade, blog, calm, charade, check, coherence, command, communication, composure, confidence, confidentiality, connection, consistency, contact, continuity, control, correspondence, credibility, culture, custom, database, dignity, discipline, distance, diversity, dividend, dominance, domination, edge, effectiveness, efficiency, enthusiasm, erection, excellence, existence, facility, fiction, fidelity, file, fitness, fleet, flexibility, flow, focus, foothold, form, formality, freedom, friendship, garden, grip, growth, harmony, health, height, hierarchy, highway, hold, house, household, humidity, identity, illusion, image, impartiality, impression, improvement, independence, individuality, inequality, initiative, innocence, insurance, intake, integrity, interest, lawn, lead, level, liaison, lifestyle, link, log, machinery, majority, membership, military, momentum, monopoly, morale, motivation, myth, network, neutrality, occupation, order, pace, partnership, patrol, peace, perspective, popularity, position, posture, practice, presence, pretence, productivity, profile, profitability, purity, quality, rate, record, regimen, register, regularity, relation, relationship, reputation, reserve, residence, rhythm, rigour, road, sanity, schedule, secrecy, semblance, sense, service, shape, silence, site, speed, stability, stance, standard, status, status quo, stock, strength, superiority, supply, supremacy, system, temperature, tension, tie, tone, tradition, truce, trust, unity, velocity, veneer, viability, vigil, vigilance, vitality, watch, website, weight

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maintain verb
⇨ maintain 1 (maintain order) ⇨ maintain 2 (a beautifully maintained house) ⇨ provide for sb (maintain a family)maintain¹

verb

maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ sustain ♦︎ extend ♦︎ prolong ♦︎ keep sth up ♦︎ keep sth going ♦︎ perpetuate ♦︎ prop sth upThese words all mean to make sth continue at the same level or standard. 这些词均表示维持、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / keep up standards / a relationship◆to maintain / sustain / keep up levels / rates / morale / interest / growth / the momentum◆to keep the momentum going◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / perpetuate a system / myth◆to maintain / preserve / sustain a / an balance / illusion◆to maintain / preserve / keep up a tradition◆to keep a tradition going◆to maintain / sustain / keep up a pretence◆to maintain / preserve anonymity / confidentiality / order / the status quo / your heritage◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / extend / prolong (sb's) life◆to extend / prolong a visit / stay◆to still maintain sth / preserve sth / sustain sth / keep sth up / keep sth going / perpetuate sth / prop sth up◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / prolong sth / keep sth going indefinitely◆to maintain / extend / prolong sth deliberately■ maintain meɪnˈteɪn [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持；保持◆Our principal task is to maintain law and order.我们的主要任务是维持治安。◆The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。◆ (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.她保持沉默，以示尊严。■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep a particular quality or feature; to make sure that a quality or feature is kept 保护；维护；保留◆He was anxious to preserve his reputation.他急于维护自己的名声。◆Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。◆She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.她在艰难的环境下依然不失幽默感。■ sustain səˈsteɪn [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue for some time at the same level 使保持；使稳定持续◆We are experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.我们正经历一段经济持续增长的时期。◆She had been the victim of a sustained attack.她曾遭受长时间的暴力袭击。◆She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。▸ sustainable

adjective

◆sustainable economic growth经济的可持续增长OPP unsustainable NOTE 辨析 Maintain or sustain?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆to maintain / sustain a balance / a pretence / people's interest / life保持平衡；维持假象；使人们保持兴趣；维持生命 Maintain is used especially to talk about keeping sth at its usual level for an unlimited period of time. * maintain尤指使事物在不受限定的时间内保持惯常的水平◆They believe that the role of the state is to maintain the status quo, rather than to promote major economic and social change.他们认为国家的职能是保持现状，而不是促进经济和社会的重大变革。 Sustain is used more to talk about keeping sth at a higher than usual level for a long but not unlimited period. * sustain较多指使事物在很长但并非无限的时间内保持高于往常的水平◆How long can this level of growth be sustained?这种水平的增长能持续多久？ ■ extend [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆They've agreed to extend the deadline.他们同意延长截止期限。◆The show has been extended for another six weeks.展览会又延长了六周。◆Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years.精心保养可使汽车寿命延长几年。   see also extended ⇨ long adj. ▸ extension

noun

[countable] ◆He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.他的合同获得延期一年。■ prolong prəˈlɒŋ; NAmE prəˈlɔːŋ, prəˈlɑːŋ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.这次手术可使他多活两三年。◆Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing sth) －just tell us who won!别卖关子了－快说谁赢了！   see also prolonged ⇨ long adj. NOTE 辨析 Extend or prolong? Extend is used especially in business contexts. * extend尤用于商务语境◆to extend a deadline / an overdraft / a trip / a visa / a right / a mandate延长截止期限；提供透支；延长旅行／签证／权利／任期 Prolong is more often used to talk about making experiences last longer. * prolong较多指延长经历◆to prolong your stay / visit / life / survival / agony / misery延长逗留时间／访问／生命／生存时间／痛苦／不幸 ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup

phrasal verb

(kept, kept)to make sth stay at a high level; to continue to use or practise sth 使⋯保持在高水平；沿用；沿袭；保持◆The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.昂贵的原料费用使价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。◆We try to keep up the old customs.我们尽量保持这些老习俗。◆Do you still keep up your Spanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？■ ˌkeep sth ˈgoing

phrase

(kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make an effort to make a process, activity or tradition continue to happen or exist 使（进程、活动或传统）维持下去◆We have a chance of winning the championship as long as we can keep the momentum going (= keep playing at the same high level).我们只要能保持这个势头就有机会夺冠。■ perpetuate pəˈpetʃueɪt; NAmE pərˈpetʃueɪt [transitive] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time 使（恶劣局面或信念等）持久化（或持续）◆This new law just serves to perpetuate inequality.这项新法律只会持续造成不平等。◆This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.这一制度维持了几个世纪。◆Comics and books for children tend to perpetuate the myth that 'boys don't cry'.儿童连环画和图书往往在延续着“男儿有泪不轻弹”的固有观念。ⓘ Typical collocates of perpetuate are inequality, myth, stereotype and system. * perpetuate的常见搭配词有inequality、myth、stereotype和system。■ ˌprop sth ˈup

phrasal verb

(-pp-) (often disapproving, especially business 尤用于商业) to help sth that is having difficulties, when it might be better to let it fail and use your resources for sth else 帮助，扶持，救济（本该任其败落的事物）◆The government was accused of propping up declining industries.人们指责政府贴补日趋衰落的产业。ⓘ Prop sth up is used most often in financial contexts. * prop sth up最常用于金融语境◆to prop up the economy / exchange value of sterling / pound / dollar / stockmarket扶持经济；维持英镑／美元的汇兑价值；救助股市 maintain²

verb

maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ service ♦︎ keep sth upThese words all mean to keep sth in good condition. 这些词均表示保养、维护。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve a house◆to maintain / service a / an car / appliance◆to have / keep sth maintained / preserved / serviced◆sth is well / fully maintained / preserved / serviced◆sth is regularly maintained / serviced◆sth is maintained / preserved intact■ maintain meɪnˈteɪn [transitive] to keep sth such as a building or machine in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly 维修；保养◆The house is large and difficult to maintain.房子很大，难以养护。◆The grounds are beautifully maintained.庭院养护得很好。  see also maintenance ⇨ repair noun ■ preserve [transitive, often passive] to keep sth in its original state in good condition 维持⋯的原状；保存；保养◆Three miles away is a perfectly preserved stretch of Roman road.3英里以外是一段保存完好的古罗马公路。◆ (humorous) Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved.他真有60岁吗？他真会保养啊。▸ preservation

noun

[uncountable] ◆building / environmental preservation建筑物的保养；环境保护■ service [transitive, usually passive] to examine a vehicle or machine and repair it if necessary so that it continues to work correctly 检修；维护；保养◆We need to have the car serviced.我们得把车送去检修一下了。◆Gas appliances should be regularly serviced.燃气器具应该定期检修。  see also service , servicing ⇨ repair noun ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup

phrasal verb

to take care of a place, house or garden so that it stays in good condition 保养，维护（场地、房屋或花园）◆We can't stay in this house－we simply don't have the money to keep it up.我们不能住在这栋房子里，我们根本负担不起维护费。   see also upkeep ⇨ repair noun

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maintain

verb
1 the need to maintain close links between industry and schools
CONTINUE , keep, keep going, keep up, keep alive, keep in existence, carry on, preserve, conserve, prolong, perpetuate, sustain, bolster (up), prop up, retain, support, bear.
-opposite(s): BREAK OFF.

2 the roads are maintained at public expense
KEEP IN GOOD CONDITION , keep in repair, keep up, service, rebuild, conserve, preserve, keep intact, care for, take good care of, look after.
-opposite(s): NEGLECT.

3 the costs of maintaining a family
SUPPORT , provide for, keep, finance;
NURTURE , feed, nourish, sustain.
-opposite(s): NEGLECT.

4 he always maintained his innocence | he maintains that he is innocent
INSIST (ON) , declare, assert, protest, state, aver, say, announce, affirm, avow, profess, claim, allege, contend, argue, swear (to), hold to; rare asseverate.
-opposite(s): DENY.

5 the King swears he will maintain the laws of God
UPHOLD , defend, fight for, champion, support, back, advocate.
-opposite(s): ABANDON.

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maintain 维持，保持，保养
来自古法语maintenir, 保持，维持，来自拉丁语manu tenere, 握在手上，控制，来自manu, 手，词源同manual, tenere, 握住，词源同tenure, contain。引申多种词义。

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