temper
[UK]/'tem.pər/ [US]/-pɚ/
noun
A [C often singular]
* when someone becomes angry very quickly
脾气；易怒

1. She has a real temper.
她很容易发脾气。

2. He's got a really bad temper.
他的脾气真坏。

lose your temper A
* to suddenly become angry
发脾气，发火

1. The children behaved so badly that I lost my temper.
孩子们太不懂规矩，我不由得发了火。

keep your temper
* to succeed in staying calm and not becoming angry
不发脾气；保持冷静

1. I found it hard to keep my temper with so many things going wrong.
这么多的事情弄得一团糟，我很难不发脾气。

be in a bad/foul, etc. temper
* to be feeling angry
生气，发怒

1. I'd avoid her if I were you - she's in a foul temper.
我要是你，就会避着她——她正气头上。

[S or U] formal or literary
* mood or emotional state
心情或情绪的状态

1. He appears to be a man of calm and even temper.
他看来是一个脾气温和、平静的男人。

[UK]/'tem.pər/ [US]/-pɚ/
noun
tempers get frayed
* If you say that tempers are getting (rather) frayed, you mean that people are getting angry with each other.
互相发脾气

[UK]/'tem.pər/ [US]/-pɚ/
verb [T]
REDUCE 减少
formal
* to make something less strong, extreme, etc.
使缓和；使变温和；使变淡

1. My enthusiasm for the venture was somewhat tempered by my knowledge of the work that would be involved.
当我了解到完成这个风险专案计划所要做的工作时，我的热情多少消退了一些。

2. I learnt to temper my criticism.
我学会批评别人时语气要缓和些。

[UK]/'tem.pər/ [US]/-pɚ/
verb [T]
METAL 金属
* to heat and then cool a metal in order to make it hard
使（金属）回火；锻造

1. tempered steel
回火钢

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temper ★★☆☆☆

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temper
tem·per / 5tempE(r) / noun1. [C, usually sing., U] if sb has a temper, they become angry very easily
   脾气；易怒的性情:
   a violent / short / quick, etc. temper
   烈性子、急性子、火性子等
   He must learn to control his temper.
   他得学会捺住性子。
   She broke the plates in a fit of temper.
   她一气之下把盘子摔碎了。
   After an hour of waiting, tempers began to fray (= people began to get angry).
   等了一个小时后,大伙儿开始冒火了。
2. [C, usually sing.] a short period of feeling very angry
   怒气；火气；阵怒:
   to fly into a temper
   勃然大怒
   She says awful things when she's in a temper.
   她一发脾气说话就难听。
3. [C] the way that you are feeling at a particular time
   心情；情绪；性情；心境
   SYN  mood :
   Come back when you're in a better temper.
   心情好些时再回来。
   to be in a bad, foul, etc. temper
   心情不好、很坏等
4. -tempered (in adjectives 构成形容词) having a particular type of temper
   有…脾气的；心情…的:
    good- / bad-tempered
   脾气好/坏
   a sweet-tempered child
   性情温和的小孩  IDIOMS 
▪ lose / keep your 'temper (with sb)
   to fail / manage to control your anger
   发脾气；忍住怒火:
   She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.
   她对一位顾客发了脾气,冲着人家大喊大叫。
   I struggle to keep my temper with the kids when they misbehave.
   孩子们淘气时,我强捺住性子不发脾气。
⇨ more at quick adj. verb [VN]
1. ~ sth (with sth) (formal) to make sth less severe by adding sth that has the opposite effect
   使缓和；使温和:
   Justice must be tempered with mercy.
   法外尚需施恩。
2. (technical 术语) to make metal as hard as it needs to be by heating and then cooling it
   使(金属)回火

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temper

I. noun

1. tendency to become angry easily

• ADJECTIVE bad, explosive, fierce, fiery, hot, nasty, terrible, violent, volatile | quick, short | uncontrollable

• … OF TEMPER display, fit, flash, outburst He broke the chair in a fit of violent ~.

• VERB + TEMPER have He has a nasty ~. | control, keep I only just managed to keep my ~ with him. | lose She loses her ~ easily.

• TEMPER + VERB flare, rise Tempers flared as the traffic jam became worse. | cool, cool down

• TEMPER + NOUN tantrum

• PREPOSITION in a ~ She stormed out of the room in a ~.

• PHRASES keep your ~ in check, keep your ~ under control He had to learn to keep his ~ under control before he could become a teacher.

2. way you are feeling

• ADJECTIVE bad, filthy (esp. BrE), foul, ill, terrible Peter's comments were responsible for her ill ~. | good | frayed Frayed ~s at the end led to three players being sent off.

• VERB + TEMPER improve

• TEMPER + VERB improve | fray

• PREPOSITION in a ~ He stormed out of the room in a ~.

II. verb

Temper is used with these nouns as the object: enthusiasm, expectation, steel

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temper
 see hold one's temper; lose one's temper.

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temper noun
⇨ temper (have a short temper) ⇨ lose your temper ⇨ lose your tempertemper verb
⇨ moderatetemper

noun

temper ♦︎ tantrum ♦︎ rage ♦︎ mood ♦︎ sulk ♦︎ huffThese are all words for a short period of angry behaviour or of feeling angry. 这些词均表示发脾气、怒气、不悦。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达发脾气的程度

mood	➔	temper	➔	rage
sulk		tantrum
huff

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be in a temper / rage / huff at / about / over sth◆in a temper / rage / mood / sulk / huff◆a violent temper / tantrum / rage◆to have a temper / a tantrum / the sulks◆to get in a temper / rage / huff◆to fly into a temper / rage■ temper [countable, usually singular, uncountable] if sb has a temper, they get angry easily 脾气；易怒的性情◆He has a short / quick temper (= gets angry very easily).他是个急性子。◆You must learn to control your temper.你得学会捺住性子。◆After an hour of waiting tempers began to fray (= people began to get angry).等了一个小时后，大伙开始冒火了。◆She broke the plates in a fit of temper.她一气之下把盘子都摔碎了。ⓘ A temper is also a short period of feeling very angry. * temper亦指一阵暴怒、怒气◆She says awful things when she's in a temper.她一发脾气说话就很难听。   see also lose your temper ⇨ lose your temper ■ tantrum ˈtæntrəm [countable] a sudden short period of angry, unreasonable behaviour, especially in a child （尤指儿童）耍脾气，使性子◆They claimed she threw tantrums and was difficult to work with.他们说她爱使性子，很难一起工作。◆Young children often have temper tantrums.小孩子经常爱使性子。■ rage [countable] a period of violent anger that is difficult to control 暴怒；狂怒◆Sue stormed out in a rage.苏大发雷霆。◆She attacked him in a jealous rage.她因妒忌而发怒攻击他。  see also rage ⇨ anger noun ■ mood [countable] a period of being angry or impatient 坏心境；坏脾气◆I wonder why he's in such a mood today.我不知道他为什么今天脾气这么坏。◆She was in one of her moods (= one of her regular periods of being angry or impatient).她心情又不好了。◆to be in a bad / foul / filthy / terrible mood情绪不佳／很差／很坏／极糟  see also mood ⇨ mood , moody ⇨ moody ■ sulk [countable] (BrE also the sulks [plural]) a period of being silent and bad-tempered because you are annoyed about sth 生闷气；愠怒◆Jo was in a sulk upstairs.乔在楼上生闷气。◆Ed's got the sulks again.埃德又生闷气了。  see also sulk ⇨ brood verb , sulky ⇨ irritable ■ huff [countable] (informal) a period of being bad-tempered, especially because sb has annoyed or upset you 怒气冲冲，生气（尤指被人惹恼或烦乱所致）◆She went home in a huff.她怒气冲冲地回家了。

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temper

noun
1 Drew had walked out in a temper
FIT OF RAGE , rage, fury, fit of bad/ill temper, bad temper, tantrum, passion, paroxysm; fit of pique, bad mood, mood, pet, sulk; informal grump, huff, snit; Brit. informal strop, paddy; Brit. informal, dated bate, wax, skid; N. Amer. informal blowout, hissy fit; archaic paddywhack, miff.

2 an uncharacteristic display of temper
ANGER , fury, rage, annoyance, vexation, crossness, irascibility, irritation, irritability, ill humour, ill temper, dyspepsia, spleen, pique, petulance, peevishness, pettishness, testiness, tetchiness, snappishness, crabbiness, resentment, surliness, churlishness; Brit. informal stroppiness; poetic/literary ire, choler.
-opposite(s): GOOD HUMOUR.

3 she struggled to keep her temper
COMPOSURE , equanimity, self-control, self-possession, sangfroid, coolness, calm, calmness, tranquillity, good humour; informal cool.

4 he was of a placid temper
TEMPERAMENT , disposition, nature, character, personality, make-up, constitution, mind, spirit, stamp, mettle, mould; mood, frame of mind, cast of mind, habit of mind, attitude; archaic humour, grain.
lose one's temper suddenly, Maria lost her temper
BECOME VERY ANGRY , fly into a rage, explode, blow up, erupt, lose control, go berserk, breathe fire, begin to rant and rave, flare up, boil over; informal go mad, go crazy, go wild, go bananas, have a fit, see red, fly off the handle, blow one's top, blow a fuse, blow a gasket, do one's nut, hit the roof, go through the roof, go up the wall, go off the deep end, lose one's cool, go ape, flip, flip one's lid, lose one's rag, lose it, freak out, be fit to be tied, be foaming at the mouth, burst a blood vessel, get one's dander up, go non-linear; Brit. informal go spare, go crackers, throw a wobbly, get one's knickers in a twist; N. Amer. informal flip one's wig; Austral./NZ informal go crook; N. Amer. vulgar slang go apeshit.

verb
1 the steel is tempered by heat treatment
HARDEN , strengthen, toughen, fortify; technical anneal.

2 their idealism is tempered with realism
MODERATE , modify, modulate; tone down, mitigate, palliate, alleviate, allay, assuage, lessen, reduce, weaken, lighten, soften, cushion; qualify; season, sweeten, mellow.

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temper 回火，管控，调和，调节
来自拉丁语temperare, 调节，管控，掌握火候，把控时间，来自tempus, 时间，词源同temporal。比喻用法，即掌握好时间。

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temper 脾性，性情，脾气，火气，怒火
来自temper, 调和。在中世纪医学理论特指人体内的四种体液的组合或融合，即血液，黏液，胆汁液，黑胆汁，这四种体液的组合决定了人的脾性和性情，因而引申诸相关词义。词义火气缩写自bad temper。更多参照humor 词源。

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